ABSTRACT
Anaemia is a common clinical condition in elderly commonly associated with increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospitalization, decreased physical performance, loss of mobility and disability at higher rates than those people without anaemia. The present study was undertaken to assess the aetiological profile of anaemia in elderly. METHODSA cross sectional study was done among elderly patients with anaemia admitted in general medicine department and / or attending general medicine OPD, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. 100 consecutive patients were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were subjected to a thorough clinical examination and investigation, and data was analysed. RESULTSAnaemia is more common in males with a male to female ratio of 2.84:1. Maximum numbers of cases was in the age range of 61 to 70 comprising 70 % followed by 23 % in 71 to 80 years age group and 6 % in 81 to 90 years age group. Weakness was the most common presentation comprising 74 % cases. Comorbidities in patients along with anaemia were solid malignancy in 5 %, diabetes mellitus (DM) in 7 %, hypertension (HT) in 6 %, chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 5 %, cor pulmonale in 3 % and hypothyroidism in 1 %. 48 % patients were having moderate anaemia and 45 % patients were having severe anaemia. Morphologically most common variety of anaemia was normocytic normochromic contributing 57 % of the patients. Bone marrow examination done in 62 cases revealed hyper cellular marrow in 27, normocellular in 24, hypo cellular marrow in 6 and mildly hyper cellular to normocellular in 5 cases. Aetiological distribution showed 14 % of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) and 14 % due to vitamin B12 deficiency. This was closely followed by iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in 13 % cases. CONCLUSIONSAnaemia in elderly is a common clinical condition commonly presenting with nonspecific symptom. Normocytic normochromic anaemia is the most common morphological type of anaemia with various underlying treatable aetiologies.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: Among various method of medical education integrated teaching help in integration of basic, clinical and psychosocial sciences. Integrated teaching involves bringing together traditionally separate subjects so that students can grasp subject with more authentic understanding. We conducted the study to compare this scientific method of teaching with traditional learning and also obtained student’s and teacher’s feedback. Methodology: After approval from ethic committee faculty members from various departments we arranged integrated teaching program on important topic. Basic science faculty were made toparticipate actively in both case based learning and hospital visits along with clinical experts. The completed program was evaluated based on structured questionnaire and student and teacher feedback. Results: Among 58 students of 8th semester students, Pre test (TL) and post test (IL) mean of incorrect answers out of 10 structured questionnaires were 4.5517 and 2.9310. There was 35.5% improvement in result after integrated method of learning. 63% of faculty members felt that integrated teaching could be very useful. 85% students were enthusiastic about the new teaching methodology& felt that they had a better clinico pathological correlation. Conclusion: The new method of integrated teaching was found to be more effective than the traditional one. This method was well accepted by faculty as well as students. So it is need of today’s medical curriculum.
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Oral lesions indicative of biopsy represent unique presentation either in the form of proliferations/ulcerations of the squamous lining epithelium. These lesions have similar appearance clinically and histopathologically hence are excised for microscopic evaluation to rule out early or hidden malignancy. Verrucous mucosal lesions clinically present a diagnostic dilemma, which makes histopathological examination a significant one in the differentiation of the lesion to ascertain the nature. This short communication aims to discuss the different histological characterization of oral verrucous mucosal lesions.
ABSTRACT
Background: This study assessed several common oxidative indices in subjects infected with intestinal parasites, as well as in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients both with and without intestinal parasites. Method: Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured, as were plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), all according to established methods. The presence of intestinal parasites was confirmed by stool examination. Results: All intestinal parasiteinfected subjects and CRC patients showed the presence of oxidative stress. Thirtysix percent of the CRC patients had intestinal parasitic infections. The levels of H2O2 and FRAP in parasite-infected subjects were significantly higher than in CRC patients, but these levels were significantly lower in the CRC patients with parasitic infections. Conclusion: Parasitic infection and CRC may contribute to oxidative stress independently, but when present together, the oxidative stress burden imposed by parasites may be attenuated.